The Sacrum

Authors

Affiliations

Nate Yomogida, PT, DPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.S. in Kinesiology

Chloë Kerstein, PT, DPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.A. in Neuroscience

Figure 1: Muscles of the gluteal and posterior femoral region¹

Figure 2: Muscles of the pelvic floor (Superior view)²

Bony Landmarks

Base of the sacrum

Articulations

Lumbosacral junction

The base of the sacrum articulates with the inferior aspect of the L5 Vertebrae to form the lumbosacral junction³

Coccyx

The apex of the sacrum articulates inferiorly with the coccyx³.

References

1.

Gray H. Anatomy of the Human Body. 20th ed. (Lewis WH, ed.). Lea & Febiger; 1918. https://www.bartleby.com/107/

2.

Betts JG, Blaker W. Openstax Anatomy and Physiology. 2nd ed. OpenStax; 2022. https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/?Book%20details

3.

APTA. Current Concepts of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy. 5th ed.; 2024.